Samuel eussell



S. RUSSELL.

Telephone.

0 8 m e n u l: d, e t n e t a P 5 9 3 8 2 2 m N.

INVENTOR-I ATTESTI N. PETERS. FHOTO UTHOGRAFHEFL WASHINGTON. D. 0

ra'rns p llsrirn SAMUEL RUSSELL, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

TELEPHONE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 228,395, dated June 1, 1880;

Application filed January 2, 15580.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL RUSSELL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Broolr lyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain Improvements lll Magnetic Telephones, of which the following is a specification.

4 My invention relates generally to electric telephones employing one or more magnets surrounded by an electromagnetic coil or coils, and arranged with their poles in close proximity to an armatnre-diaphragm, so as to constantly exert an attractive inl'luence upon the same; and its object is to increase the volume of sound transmitted by such telephones.

My invention consists. first, in employing in a telephone one or more slender magnets which are capable of vibration, and arranging the pole or poles of the same approaching and attracting the diaphragm out of contact with the surrounding coil and with all other parts for some distance back from the diaphragm, that it or they n'lay be free to vibrate; second, in arranging two or more slender poles within the same coil, and out of contact therewith and with each other, that they may be free to vibrate; and, third, in arranging a cluster of slender poles of like polarity within one coil, and out of contact therewith and with each other, and a series of poles of the opposite polarity and of substantially equal attractive power symmetrically around the clustered ones outside of the coil, all as will be fully hereinafter set forth.

In the drawings, Figure l is a vertical midsection of one form of telephone constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan of the magnets, coil, and supporting-block removed, and Fig. 3 is a plan of the magnets alone. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are similar views, illustrating a modified construction. Fig. 7 illustrates an arrangement of clustered barmagnets. Fig. 8 is avertieal section of a telephone constructed with a single bar-magnet; and Fig. 9 is a plan of the under side of an armaturediaphragm applicable to the telephone shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

Let A represent the iuclosing-case of a telephone; A, the mouth-piece thereof; 13, the diaphragm; O U, the magnets; D, the electromagnetic coil or helix surrounding one or more of the magnets; a, the spool bearing the coil or helix b, the block, bored to receive the magnets and hold them in place; and c c, the binding-posts for the linewires.

The diaphragm B is an armature-diaph ra gm, being of attractable material, as iron, so as itself to form the armature for the magnet or magnets, as shown in Figs. 1 and S, or, if of nonattractable substance, as membrane, having a metallic armature or armatures fixed to it, as shown in Fig. 9.

Figs. 1 to 7 show several magnets, U G, clustered together, and Fig. 8 shows but a single magnet, 0. Figs. 1 to 6 show horseshoe-magnets, and Figs. 7 and 8 show bar-magnets.

Referring to Fig. 8, it will be seen that the magnet is secured in the block I) only toward its lower pole-the one most remote from the diaphragm-and that the spool to, which surrounds its upper portion, is not in contact with if, so that its upper pole, adjacent to the diaphragm, is untouched for some distance down by any portion of the instrument, and is left free to vibrate, as it may be induced to do, by the action of the diaphragm or the surrounding air in trai'ismitting, or by the electromagnetic e-oil in receiving.

In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 I have shown the same construction applied to a series or cluster of horseshoe-magnets, both legs of which are passed through the block I). These magnets, which maybe of any desired number, more or less than that shown, if preferred, are each arranged with one pole or leg, E, near the center, and with the other pole or leg, F, away from the center, the poles E E being in close proximity to each other, but not in contact, and forming what I shall call the cluster, E, while the poles F F are arranged equidistantly in a circle around the cluster. This arrangement is clearly shown in Fig. 3. The poles E E should all be of one polarity, as north, and the poles F F of the other polarity, as south.

The spool a, bearing the coil or helix, is arranged in the annular space between the cluster E and the circle F, and its bore is so large that it does not touch any of the poles E E, which it incloses, while its diameter is so limited that its periphery does not contact with any of the poles F F, thus leaving all of the poles free to vibrate.

If preferred, another and larger coil may surround the circle of poles F F, or a small coil may surround each pole F but in either case the spool bearing the coils must not contact with the poles, or the advantage resulting from my invention will be lost.

Figs. 4, 5, and 6 show a somewhat diii'erent arrangement of the magnets, while the spool a and block I) are combined. The coil is here shown as surrounding all of the poles, it being wrapped around and in close proximity to the poles FF, which alone are confined in the block, the poles E E being free for their entire length, and arranged in a central bore in the block. The poles F F, however, are free above the block.

Fig. 7 shows a cluster of bar-magnets, their lower poles stuck into a block and their upper poles surrounded by a coil, the spool of which is clear of the outside magnets of the cluster, and the separate magnets of the cluster are clear from each other.

I am aware that telephones having arma ture-diaphragms have been constructed with single or clustered magnets surrounded by coils; but in every case the spool of the-coil has closely embraced the magnet or magnets, and when several magnets have been used they have been confined in close contact with each other. I have found, in experimenting with such telephones, that when the magnets have been separated slightly from the spool and from each other, the transmitted sound has been measurably amplified, and also rendered more distinct. This result accords with the theory that the magnets vi brate when receiving or transmitting sound, their vibrations being greater when their vibrating poles are not in contact with any obstruction than when deadened by being arranged closely together or in close contact with the spool.

I prefer the use of several horseshoe-magnets arranged substantially as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, their north poles forming the cluster E and their south poles being the poles F F, or vice versa. The advantage of such an arrangement is set forth in the patent of A. K. Eaton, No. 222,475, dated December 9, 1879, the subjectnnatter of which I hereby disclaim.

The use of a diaphragm is not absolutely essential with the forms of my telephone shown in Figs. 1 to 7, as I have succeeded in transmitting sounds with considerable distinctness when the diaphragm has been removed. I have also produced good results with diaphragms of non-attractable material, as wood or membrane; but when such a diaphragm is employed I consider it preferable to aflix to its under surface an armature or armatures of soft iron, corresponding in arrangement and position to the magnet or magnets. In Fig. 9 I have shown a non-attractable diaphragm, B, with radial armatures (l d,

corresponding to the magnets shown in Fi "1. 1, 2, and 3, and extending from the north to the south pole of each magnet.

I am aware that a telephone has been invented in which the coil is borne by the diaphragm, and is adapted to vibrate therewith, it being free from the magnetic pole which it surrounds, and that pole is in the form of a short and broad tube, so that it is substantially incapable of lateral vibration, and the diaphragm is normally in equilibrium, being not attracted by the magnet when the instrument is at rest; and I make no claim to any such construction. Nor do I claim a telephone in which the neutral portion of the magnet, between its poles, not inclosed by the coil, is free to vibrate. Furthermore, I make no claim in this application to separating the poles of a multipolar magnetic telephone that they may act independently upon the diaphragm. In my telephone the diaphragm is normally attracted by the magnet or magnets, the coil is stationary and not susceptible of vibration, the magnetor magnets are fixed at one portion, and the active pole or poles of the same (those approaching the diaphragm) are free to vibrate laterally, and are sutticiently slender to be capable of vibration.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a telephone, a slender magnet whose active pole, approaching and normally attract in g an armattire-diaphragm, is surrounded by a fixed electromagnetic coil, and is arranged out of contact therewith and with all other parts, that it may be free to vibrate, substantially as set forth.

2. A telephone consisting of two or more slender magnetic poles of like polarity approaching a mouth-piece or diaphragm arranged within one electro-magnetic coil. and out of contact therewith and with each other, that they may be free to vibrate.

3. A telephone consisting of a cluster of slender magnetic poles of like polarity arranged within an electro-magnetic coil and out of contact therewith and with each other, in combination with a series of poles of the opposite polarity disposed symmetrically around the clustered ones outside of the coil.

4. In a telephone, a series of horseshoe-magnets, their poles of one polarity clustered to gether and arranged within an electro-magnetic coil, but not in contact therewith or with each other, and their poles of the opposite polarity disposed uniformlyaround the clustered ones outside of the coil.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

SAMUEL RUSSELL. Witnesses ARTHUR (J. FRASER, HENRY CONNET'I. 

